Down's Syndrome Children Require Unique Intervention Strategies For Essay

Down's Syndrome Children Require Unique Intervention Strategies For Them To Progress In Education And Socially - Essay Example The disorder manifest themselves in both neuro-developmental and neuro-psychological arenas but the simplest observation remains that it causes developmental delays which can range from mild to moderate learning disability to severe mental disability. (Deliz, 2008) Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder which occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 births. Chromosome 21's presence in the affected, which contains 225 genes which contribute to the phenotype and pathogenesis of Down syndrome is referred to as the main cause of this distinct neurobiological, genetic, psychological, developmental and medical disorder. (Hattori, 2000) It is recognized that a very high proportion of brain anatomy and verbal intelligence is governed by genetic control. These findings greatly influence the study of Down Syndrome patients, their genes and their resulting speech, memory, language and other cognitive functions. (Capone, 2004). Research has also shown that children. affected by Down syndrome have decl ining Developmental and Intellectual quotients and thus have deficits in verbal and linguistic skills. Patients may also possess weak sequential auditory memory skills but they remain more adept at visual-spatial based memory tasks (Varnhagen, 1987) . Researchers have concluded that early intervention programmes benefit the socially adaptive function but do little to improve the cognitive function or IQ. (Gibson, 1988). There is no uniform cognitive benefit of early intervention if specific learning and intervention strategies are not used. There are multiple reasons provided for these findings. They include complex neuro-behavourial syndromes which often means that the intervention method chosen for learning is not working at its prime and increasing the frequency or the intensity of the same method will not provide results. Rather there is a need for different intervention strategies specific to their needs. (Gibson D. , 1991) This means that early intervention of the right kind a t the right time is required for a positive cognitive difference. A common example of this phenomenon can be observed when a child does not achieve spoken language skills and phonological competence despite attaining cognitive skills and other language comprehension skills which support complex skills. (Kumin, 2000)These are a sign the verbal intervention means have failed and calls for intervention strategies based on vision-based communication. This vision based communication uses signs and pictures to lead to symbol-based language development. It should however be remembered that increasing the intensity of phonology based therapies is also frequently met with poor results. Another visible delayed or aberrant function in Down syndrome is the pervasive developmental disorder. Children might suffer from developmental regression or social, communication or behavourial impairment. These children then require prompt referrals for medical and neuro-developmental assessment leading to t he establishment of a vision based system of communication. The normal assumption regarding early intervention plans for Down syndrome children is that they are extremely beneficial. In fact most of these early intervention programs are mandated by the state and are provided free of cost. This directly results in a Down syndrome child receiving physical therapy and early education in the first year of his life. (Capone, 2004) Occupational and speech therapy often follow the course in the second year of life. Parents and therapists often assume that the purpose of this early intervention is to speed the pace of development and the role of this early in

Anything of Van Morrison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anything of Van Morrison - Research Paper Example His dynamism in composing and singing different song genres boosted his music career by ensuring that he stayed relevant to the changing times. Among his greatest albums was A sense of wonder, released in 1985, the album became a hit and among the songs that sold the album was one which he used to name the album. The rock genre piece is a classical of all times owing to the level of creativity that Van Morrison employed in its composition. He personally directed the first version of the song bring it out as a soft rock. Morrison carried out his research effectively before writing and composing a song. The themes he addressed in this piece earned him a direct entry into the market by being relevant to the issues affecting his target market. Among these included the social issues affecting the youths of the time. The early 19th century youth craved for change and revolution. Morrison epitomized this in his rock genre release of the song and the manner in which he addresses the issue in a musical composition. The track A sense of wonder has to this day been performed by a number of secondary artists most of who change the beats in order for the piece to fit other music genres thereby expanding its market base. Among such artists are The Chieftains, an Irish band with which he later performed a number of Grammy winning sets and John Lee Hooker who tried converting the piece into the Blues genres in 1991. Morrison’s original piece of the song is a soft rock; the band setting gives it the natural aura of such. He succeeds in creating a holistic piece by developing a harmonious set in which the entire beats are in unison with the lyrics of the song. He composed the song in a structure of a poem. This made it easier to sing owing to the fact that poem structures easily fuse with the beats. In his composition of the piece, he uses a number of composition styles to achieve the rhyme and rhythm that later sold the track. He uses refrain extensively, this is the rep etition of a phrase or a word in the piece in order to create a rhythm. The chorus is one such collection of sentence he repeats after every successful stanza (Hindemith and Arthur 22). A number of subsequent rock artists composed songs without choruses but Van Morrison in most of his tracks used choruses. Choruses break the monotony presented by a plain rap or narration in a stanza; it reminds the audience of the underlying theme in the song and has often served as the central point in the entire song. Van Morrison’s chorus in this song is therefore served to create the thematic statement and the kind of fusion it earns with the instruments and the beats sells the piece. During the chorus, he changes his voices to a near alto finish thereby interacting with the female voices in the set. This gives the song a twist from the previous straight, tough and dry voice in the previous stanzas. Additionally, by the chorus the beat changes seamlessly in accordance with the flow of the previous stanza, an audience does not automatically feel the change in the beats that serve to create the rhythm and unity in the entire piece by giving an adequate consideration of the difference that the chorus ought to convey. Additionally, Van Morrison achieves rhythm by using with rhymes extensively in the near poetic piece. Rhymes are a series of similarly sounding words that the songwriter uses at the end of every