MWDS Candide - 4817 Words

Major Work Data Sheet: Candide Title: Candide Author: Voltaire Date of Publication: 1759 Genre: Satire, ‘Conte Philosophique’ (Philosophical Fiction) Biographical information about the author: Francois-Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire, was born in 1694 in Paris, France. Though his father wanted him to become a lawyer, Voltaire long held a great passion for writing, and rather than going to law school, spent his time extensively composing poetry, essays, and historical studies. His widespread recognition as an author was established with the publication of the play â€Å"Oedipus†, a variation on the original Greek tragedy, in 1718. In 1726, after a fight with a French nobleman, Voltaire was exiled to England. There, he was exposed to a†¦show more content†¦Voltaire’s satire contains a strong sense of witful irony and parodies meant to elicit disgust at the topics he is criticizing. â€Å"Candide’s† sense of satire is largely derived from the Juvenalian satire which was created by the Roman satirist Juvenal. By using absurdist and ironic images of characters, satirists intend to invoke disg ust or laughter at a topic to the point where it is rejected a legitimate. Thi is the point with Voltaire’s mockery of optimism in â€Å"Candide†. Plot Summary: â€Å"Candide† is a tale told in a fast-paced series of episodic adventures. The opening chapter establishes the Edenic innocence of the background in which the protagonist, Candide, is raised. Leading a privileged, isolated existence in a Westphalian castle, Candide finds himself in love with Cunegonde, daughter of the Baron of the castle. He is also eagerly indoctrinated with Leibnizian optimism by his tutor, Pangloss, who, in turn, is in love with Paquette, the chambermaid of the castle. After openly showing his affection for Cunegonde, Candide, not being of noble enough blood, is promptly expelled by the Baron, and involuntarily sets out upon his own into the world. Candide’s first major adventure is his unintentional recruitment into the Bulgar army, which exposes him to the terrors of physical and sexual abuse, as well as the shocking violence of warfare. After managing to escape the army, Candide comes across a kind Anabaptist, Jacques, as well as Pangloss, who has been rendered

Aristotle s The Best Benefits For Human Beings - 946 Words

In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle propose that everything has its own function, including human beings. By fulfilling that function in an excellent way, one can achieve Eudaimonia. The idea later becomes to be known as the Ergon argument. This paper is intending to argue for the ergon argument. Aristotle enquires the best benefits for human beings. First, he starts by saying that everything in natures has its own function. For example: the hammer’s function is to hammer the nail, or a tree’s function is to grow effectively. Human being is not an exception. The unique function of ours is the ability to reason. As long as we are engaged in these rational activities, they will bring us the good. One may ask what is the good that Aristotle is†¦show more content†¦The common thing here is food or good grades are the outside factors. Happiness depends on the outside factors; therefore, it can change anytime. Eudaimonia is completely opposite. It cannot be easily changed, neither come nor leave because It does not depend on anything. Eudaimonia is intrinsic to human beings. Only human beings can experience Eudaimonia, the highest pleasure. One may ask what exactly the Eudaimonia is, if it is possible to be identified. Aristotle answer the four questions abou t it: Is it pleasure, honor, wealth or excellence? First, Eudaimonia is not pleasure. Pleasure is vulgar. People generally do not pursue pleasure for its own sake, pleasure is the side reward obtained from doing something else. Eudaimonia is not honor. One can only have honor when others give him. It solely depends on outside factors. Eudaimonia is not wealth. Wealth is used to get something else. Eudaimonia is not excellence (Arete). Excellence is entailed to the activities that one does. However, a person may possess excellence even when he does not do anything. Excellence is not sufficient in itself. Aristotle does agree that all these things are part of the Eudaimonia. We are able to have all of these good things because our souls have different parts that take care of different function in our life. The most important of course is the rational part of the soul. As stated above, it is important

The Theory of Motivation-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Theory of Motivation. Answer: Introduction Motivation is a drive which creates enthusiasm and changes the behavior of an individual. They become more responsible and take decisions to achieve their desired goals. There are two main approaches to motivation: Content theory and Process theory. These theories are used by the management to increase the commitment and productivity level of their employees. All the needs and expectations of the workers are taken into consideration during the process (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). It creates a positive working environment which facilitates growth, development and integration. The aim of this essay is to gain understanding about the contribution and limitations of content and process theories for an organization. Body Content theory (need theory) helps in understanding the psychological behavior, strengths and specific needs of a person. Kuratko, 2016, states that it can very useful for an organization to change the attitude and behavior of the employees. It not only reduces the employee turnover but it also directs the human behavior. The main theories which are included in are Maslows need hierarchy theory and Herbergs theory. Maslows theory consists of five different levels of motivation which are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem and self actualization. It has contributed in the development of HR strategies and policies which helps in fulfilling the needs of the workers as per their levels of motivation. It increases the satisfaction and morale of the employees which provides long term benefits to the organization. On the contrary, Olafsen, Halvari and Deci, 2015, argues that there is no support which satisfies the hierarchy pyramid of the theory. Furthermore, it becomes difficult for a manager to predict the behavior of the individuals. There can be also situations where the needs of an individual conflicts with each other. In this case, the systematic approach provided by Maslow cannot be followed. Along with this, in many cultures social needs are considered more important than others. As a result, this theory has been criticized on the basis of universal applicability. HR managers may find it difficult to change the levels due to rigidity of the hierarchy model. Herbergs theory of motivation also explains the contents or factors which can affect the satisfaction level of the employees. The motivating factors are growth opportunities, recognition, achievements, roles and responsibilities. On the other hand, the hygiene factors which cause dissatisfaction among the employees are salary, policy of the company, supervisors, relationship with the seniors, relationship with the colleagues and work environment (Hernes, 2014). This theory has contributed in the identification of factors which can lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the organization. For instance, open communication and reassurance can be given to the employees of they are unsure about their job security. But this theory has been criticized by many authors because it does not take into account the situational factors which make it unreliable. Furthermore, it is completely based on the responses of the staff members which may not be applicable to all. There can be differences in the behavior and requirements of people in different countries. Tesco Company has been following both Maslows need hierarchy theory and Herbergs theory in their organization (Motivational theory in practice at Tesco, 2016). It has helped them to create a positive culture which has been beneficial for the workers. But it is essential for the management to take into consideration all the limitations and criticism related to them. Content theories is based on the needs of the people whereas Process theory focuses on the process and approach to motivation. It can help the management to take decisions and to understand how the behavior of the employees can be directed or changed. There have been many criticisms of Process theories because it increases the complexities in the organization (Kuratko, 2016). It can be difficult for the managers to apply it successfully in the organization. There are predominantly four theories in it namely, Reinforcement, Vrooms theory, Goal setting and Equity theory. Reinforcement theory uses positive and negative theories to influence the behavior of the people. Positive reinforcement such as rewards, recognition, appraisals etc can increase the intensity of the individual which motivates him to perform better. On the contrary, Leake, 2014, states that negative reinforcement such as punishment, warning can reduce unacceptable behavior or outcomes. But it has its own limitations wh ich can create problems. It is difficult to find rewards which does not lose value over the time and is acceptable by all. Furthermore, negative reinforcement can have negative implications on the workplace environment. Vrooms model focuses on attractiveness and probability of the rewards. It is based on three variables, expectancy, valence and instrumentality. Similarly, Equity theory uses the perception to understand the motivation level of the workers. It includes outcomes, inputs and comparison levels. The Goal setting theory is entirely based on goals. If the employee is able to achieve his goals then he will be motivated and vice versa. The motivation in contemporary organization considers both internal and external reward systems (Nuttin, 2014). The individual differences have to be incorporated during the application of the theories, recruitment, selection, job design training and appraisals. According to Arends, 2014, old school models have become outdated because methods such as carrot and stick have not been beneficial for the organizations. The more preference should be given to creativity, innovation, autonomy, purpose and mastery. All these factors can be useful in creating effective w orkforce which will improve the overall productivity and efficiency of the company. For example, Google Company has been giving 20% rest time to their workers because they are more inclined towards employee engagement and satisfaction. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above that both Content theory and Process theories are important for the success of the organization. It can help the management to increase the motivation and satisfaction level of the employees which will have positive effects on the company. But it is essential for the organization to take into consideration the limitations and implications of these theories and relevant changes should be made in it as per requirement. References Arends, R., 2014. Learning to teach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers, pp. 41-43. Hernes, T., 2014. A process theory of organization. OUP Oxford, pp 87-89. Kuratko, D.F., 2016. Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. Leake, D.B., 2014. Evaluating explanations: A content theory. Psychology Press., pp. 25. Motivational theory in practice at Tesco. 2016. [Online]. Available through: https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/tesco/motivational-theory-in-practice-at-tesco/maslow-and-herzberg.html [Accessed on 24th August 2017] Nuttin, J., 2014. Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method. Psychology Press. Olafsen, A.H., Halvari, H., Forest, J. and Deci, E.L., 2015. Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 56(4), pp.447-457.

Network Routing Protocol

Question: Describe about the Network Routing Protocol. Answer: Structure of IPv4 Host identifier Network identifier IPV4 classes Address classes are organizational structure of IP address which defines the network address and node address part. These addresses also define the maximum possible computer network size. The classes determine the bits of address used to identify network, identify host computer as well as total number of host subnets allowed per network Internet Protocol (IP) Network This is a network for communication that send and receive packet messages using IP usually between computing networks. IP network is implemented using LAN, and enterprise networks. The host network nodes are configured using TCP/IP suite Sub-network is a logical section of the IP network. The IP network is sub-divided into small sections called sub-networks through a process called sub-netting. Subnet mask When IP address is divided into host and network division a 32 bit number is achieved as a result. This number is called subnet mask. An example of subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Whereby the number 255.255.255 is the network division and 0 is the host division To make Subnet mask the network bits are set to all 1s and host bits to 0s. Two host addresses are not allocated to host but they are reserved for special purposes. Network address gets 0 address while broadcast 255 of the special two host address Size of subnet 255 128. C.192 224 e. 240 f. 248 g.252 h. 254 i. 255 224 k. 240 l. 248 m.252 Addressing plan Assuming the last two numbers of my id number is 15. Then the is address is 191.115.0.0 20 pcs Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.18 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.19 50pcs Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.48 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.49 100pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.98 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.99 200pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.198 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.199 400 pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.1.0 Last host IP: 191.151.1.0 Broadcast IP: 191.151.1.0 IP routing IP routing is an umbrella of protocols that define the path to be followed by data as it moves between source network nodes and destination network nodes. The data is routed from source node to destination node via several series across several networks. It allows devices on various TCP/IP networks connect to each other and once connected it offers communication path Routing Metric These metrics that the router uses to make routing decisions. A metric is one among fields of a routing table. It can hold any number of values the define the best route from several routes provided. Difference between Dynamic and static routing In Static router, packet routing is done manually whereby it sets the optimal paths between source and destination nodes manually. The router is configured to send data traffic to given destinations in already configured routes. On the other hand in dynamic routers the process of routing is done using OSPF, BGP, ISIS and EIGRP protocols. These defines routing paths the traffic will use to destination. The protocols update the routing table and find the optimal path between source and destination nodes. Distance vector and link state Distant vector uses distance vector routing protocol that has bellman-ford algorithm whereby routing information is exchanged connected neighbors directly while the link state routing use link state routing protocol that has shortest path first where all routers know the reachable paths by other network routers. All routers in link state routing have a copy of synchronized link state database Static routing configuration RA# RA# RA#sh IP route RA#sh IP route RB# RB#conf t RB(config)# RB(config)#IP route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 RB(config)# RB(config)# RB(config)

No Graven Image Essays - Christian Iconography, Ten Commandments

No Graven Image Thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself to them nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God (Exodus 20:3-5). Jack Sparks questions whether icons are graven images and go against what is said in the bible in the pamphlet, No Graven Image. Sparks defines icons as painted images of Jesus Christ and His followers who, through the centuries of our history as the Church, have been portrayed for all to see (1). He explains that graven images are images that are worshipped or adored because God is the only thing to be worshiped. Icons are images that are to be venerated or respected. Therefore, icons are not graven images. I agree that icons are not graven images. They help us worship God and celebrate our faith. Sparks mentions that blank walls in a church symbolize emptiness. Icons in the church enrich the celebration of God by keeping us interacted with the service. Images like the cross, grapes, and peacocks and pictures of Jesus and his followers remind us of why we are Christians. People learn better with images rather than words. We often get bored or lost with words. Pictures keep us interested. We can look at an icon that shows a story in the bible, and we will remember the story much better than if we had only read the story. The picture makes the story more real, and we are able to understand it better. It is hard for us to understand people in the bible if we do not have an image in our head of what they may look like. Icons provide us an image of their appearances and help us see the invisible and spiritual. Icons will help us grow in the image and likeness of God. We should respect, honor, and venerate icons. We have no problem honoring money. It is a piece of paper, and we as a society give it value. Nobody ever throws money away or defaces it because it is held in high regard. A person that says icons are graven images would also have to say that money is a graven image. We respect art that we see in museums. Icons are art that we see in churches, so we should respect them also. We also honor people we know like parents, teachers, and friends. It is even more difficult for children to learn and stay interested without pictures and images. My parents wanted me to attend church and read the bible when I was a child. I would read a few paragraphs, and then I would find my mind drifting to other thoughts. I could not stay focused or interested no matter how hard I tried. I could not remember what I had read the majority of the time either. My parents eventually bought me a picture bible. The stories in the bible where told somewhat like a comic book. I enjoyed reading the picture bible because it was fun. I could see everything that happened in the stories. The pictures made the stories much easier to comprehend. I was able to remember the stories also because I had a picture in my head to refer to. I went to a Catholic high school, and the students had to go to Church every Sunday. The church on campus was amazing, and it took your breath away. There were beautiful images everywhere you looked. There were carvings on the wall of events that took place in the bible. There were stained glass windows everywhere. There was an immense dome with different pictures and carvings of Jesus. The images helped me feel the presence of God. Our faith is such an incredible thing, so the space we celebrate our faith should be incredible and represent all we believe in. Religion Essays

Jim Morrison Biography essays

Jim Morrison Biography essays In American culture, there is an image of the tortured artist who abuses alcohol or drugs. Edgar Allan Poe, Jackson Pollock and Kurt Cobain are a few examples. Several of the writers we have read so far, including Baldwin, Hemingway, Faulkner, and Carver had serious problems with alcohol. Some, like Carver, chose to get sober, while others did not. Jim Morrison After he completed high school Jim Morrison was about to jump into his own realm of creativity. In 1964, he had moved to the West Coast, and in 1966 he enrolled as a film major at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA). It was at UCLA where Jim Morrison had begun consistently using psychedelic drugs; such as LSD. Jim Morrison had always excelled at school and anything for that matter in what he put his mind to. His IQ was 149. He had met three other individuals somewhat like himself and drugs that brought them together to form a band known as The Doors. Inside of the book on mescaline by English author Aldous Hexleys the band took itsname from the poem written by the poet-visionary-artist William Blake, who had written, When the doors of perception are cleansed, things will appear to man as they truly are...infinite. Morrison was so connected to both works that he proposed, The Doors, to his bandmates. Everyone agreed that the name, as well as the inspiration from which it sprang, was perfect to which it conveyed who they were and clearly representative for what they stood for. Morrisons drinking, exhibitionistic performances, and drug-taking badly affected and input and recordings; but it is what had inspired him to release all of his thoughts and emotions into some great pieces of work while there was still often some bad ramblings...

Tea and L-Theanine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tea and L-Theanine - Essay Example Theanine competitively restrains the transmission of glutamate into tumor cells. This leads to a fall in the levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH). It also hinders chemotherapeutic agents’ influx restricting them to tumor cells (Thorne Research Inc., 2005). Through its antioxidant capability, theanine also safeguards to normal cells from damage by chemotherapeutic agents. Studies have indicated that L-theanine has the ability to neutralize caffeine’s stimulatory effect. Further, L-theanine has been linked with LDL cholesterol oxidation (Thorne Research Inc., 2005). Green tea is an antioxidant and has a calming effect on users. Passionflower tea relieves tension in the muscles and has a relaxation effects on nerves. Hops alleviate nervousness and stress. Kava relieves people from anxiety and stress. Lemon balm reduces anxiety and boosts mood. Chamomile has a relaxation effect on users. Catnip is a mild stimulant that reduces tension in the muscles. Blue vervain pacifies the nervous system. Lastly, valerian is a sedative, reduces muscle tension and ensures good sleep (Miller, 2013). Therefore, tea is a good stress reliever because of its relaxation