Network Routing Protocol

Question: Describe about the Network Routing Protocol. Answer: Structure of IPv4 Host identifier Network identifier IPV4 classes Address classes are organizational structure of IP address which defines the network address and node address part. These addresses also define the maximum possible computer network size. The classes determine the bits of address used to identify network, identify host computer as well as total number of host subnets allowed per network Internet Protocol (IP) Network This is a network for communication that send and receive packet messages using IP usually between computing networks. IP network is implemented using LAN, and enterprise networks. The host network nodes are configured using TCP/IP suite Sub-network is a logical section of the IP network. The IP network is sub-divided into small sections called sub-networks through a process called sub-netting. Subnet mask When IP address is divided into host and network division a 32 bit number is achieved as a result. This number is called subnet mask. An example of subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Whereby the number 255.255.255 is the network division and 0 is the host division To make Subnet mask the network bits are set to all 1s and host bits to 0s. Two host addresses are not allocated to host but they are reserved for special purposes. Network address gets 0 address while broadcast 255 of the special two host address Size of subnet 255 128. C.192 224 e. 240 f. 248 g.252 h. 254 i. 255 224 k. 240 l. 248 m.252 Addressing plan Assuming the last two numbers of my id number is 15. Then the is address is 191.115.0.0 20 pcs Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.18 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.19 50pcs Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.48 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.49 100pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.98 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.99 200pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.198 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.199 400 pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.1.0 Last host IP: 191.151.1.0 Broadcast IP: 191.151.1.0 IP routing IP routing is an umbrella of protocols that define the path to be followed by data as it moves between source network nodes and destination network nodes. The data is routed from source node to destination node via several series across several networks. It allows devices on various TCP/IP networks connect to each other and once connected it offers communication path Routing Metric These metrics that the router uses to make routing decisions. A metric is one among fields of a routing table. It can hold any number of values the define the best route from several routes provided. Difference between Dynamic and static routing In Static router, packet routing is done manually whereby it sets the optimal paths between source and destination nodes manually. The router is configured to send data traffic to given destinations in already configured routes. On the other hand in dynamic routers the process of routing is done using OSPF, BGP, ISIS and EIGRP protocols. These defines routing paths the traffic will use to destination. The protocols update the routing table and find the optimal path between source and destination nodes. Distance vector and link state Distant vector uses distance vector routing protocol that has bellman-ford algorithm whereby routing information is exchanged connected neighbors directly while the link state routing use link state routing protocol that has shortest path first where all routers know the reachable paths by other network routers. All routers in link state routing have a copy of synchronized link state database Static routing configuration RA# RA# RA#sh IP route RA#sh IP route RB# RB#conf t RB(config)# RB(config)#IP route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 RB(config)# RB(config)# RB(config)